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Protective effects of apocynin and melatonin on ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats |
Çiğdem Kunt İşgüder1, *( ), Murat Uysal2, Özlem Koşar Can3, Mine Kanat Pektaş4, Akgül Arici5, Velid Unsal6 |
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Istanbul, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160 Denizli, Turkey 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey 5Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey 6Faculty of Health Sciences and Central Research Laboratory, Mardin Artuklu University, 47200 Mardin, Turkey |
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Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine the protective effects of apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and melatonin, an endogenous anti-oxidant, in an animal model of ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials/Methods: Thirty-five female rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely group I (sham), group II (I/R), group III (I/R + 10 mg/kg apocynin), group IV (I/R + 20 mg/kg apocynin), and group V (I/R + 10 mg/kg melatonin). Ovarian tissue and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were measured. Ovarian histopathology was examined and Bax, caspase 3, and iNOS immunoreactivities were evaluated. Results: Preoperative apocynin and melatonin significantly increased SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively, for both apocynin and melatonin). In addition, preoperative apocynin and melatonin significantly decreased the ovarian I/R injury score (P < 0.01 for both). Bax, caspase 3, and iNOS immunoreactivities were significantly lower in the I/R + 10 mg/kg apocynin and I/R + 10 mg/kg melatonin groups than in the I/R group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Apocynin and melatonin are powerful anti-oxidant agents with considerable bioavailability and safety. Preoperative apocynin and melatonin administration might protect ovarian tissue from I/R injury after surgical adnexal detorsion.
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Submitted: 13 January 2020
Revised: 25 July 2020
Accepted: 31 July 2020
Published: 15 February 2021
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*Corresponding Author(s):
Çiğdem Kunt İşgüder
E-mail: cidos_55@hotmail.com
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