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Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology  2020, Vol. 47 Issue (4): 519-523    DOI: 10.31083/j.ceog.2020.04.5359
Original Research Previous articles | Next articles
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin-2 (Ngal) levels in preeclampsia
H. Yolli1, M.E. Demir2, *(), R. Yildizhan3
1Private Levent Hospital, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
2Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Istanbul, Turkey
3Florence Nightingale Hospital, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract  

Objectives: Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is an immune modulator. It is highly associated with inflammation, ischemia, neoplastic invasion, and transformation. Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disease resulting from the incomplete invasion of trophoblasts. Endothelial cytokines and inflammation have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of PE. We aimed to investigate serum LCN-2 levels in pregnant women with either no PE, mild PE or severe PE. Furthermore, we determined how LCN-2 levels relate to findings of Doppler ultrasound of the arteries in these patients. Material and Methods: Pregnant women with severe PE (n = 51), mild PE (n = 27), or no PE (n = 42) were involved in the study. Serum LCN-2 levels and Doppler ultrasonography (USG) evaluation were performed at the time of diagnosis of PE or in the cases of uncomplicated pregnancy, just prior to delivery. Women with non-complicated pregnancies were followed up for an additional 8 weeks after delivery. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was evaluated according to Alexander curve references. Results: Serum LCN-2 levels were significantly higher in pregnant women with PE. Higher LCN-2 levels were found in association with abnormal uterine blood flow and IUGR. Mean gestational age was lower in preeclamptic pregnancies and associated with high serum levels of LCN-2. Conclusion: PE is one of the most prevalent causes of pregnancy-associated complications. Early diagnosis and management of the disease are crucial. The level of serum LCN-2 may provide additional prognostic value along with other clinical and laboratory features of the disease.
Key words:  Lipocalin-2      Preeclampsia      Pregnancy     
Submitted:  28 August 2019      Accepted:  04 November 2019      Published:  15 August 2020     
*Corresponding Author(s):  M.E. Demir     E-mail:  demirmehmetemin@hotmail.com
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H. Yolli, M.E. Demir, R. Yildizhan. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin-2 (Ngal) levels in preeclampsia. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020, 47(4): 519-523.

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https://ceog.imrpress.com/EN/10.31083/j.ceog.2020.04.5359     OR     https://ceog.imrpress.com/EN/Y2020/V47/I4/519

Table 1  — Criteria for the diagnosis and classification of preeclampsia.
Definition of Preeclampsia;
Systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure; 90 mmHg
*two occasions at least 4 hours apart after 20 weeks in previously non-hypertensive patients
** and one or more of following;
·$\quad$ Proteinuria: ≥ 0.3 g/day in a 24h urine collection or the equivalent
·$\quad$ Low level of platelets: < 100,000 /microL
·$\quad$ High serum creatinine: > 1.1 mg/dL or doubling of creatinine in the absence of any other causes of renal disease
·$\quad$ Elevated serum transaminases: at least two-fold rise
·$\quad$ Pulmonary edema
·$\quad$ Cerebral or visual symptoms
Severe Preeclampsia;
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg and proteinuria (with or without signs and symptoms of significant end-organ dysfunction).
or
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg (with or without proteinuria) and one or more of the mentioned signs and symptoms of significant end-organ dysfunction.
Table 2  — Demographic and labarotory findings of each group.
Normal Pregnancya
N = 42		 Mild Preeclampsiab
N = 21		 Severe Preeclampsiac
N = 57		 p value
Age (years) 25.9 ± 6.7 26.2 ± 5.5 26.7 ± 5.2 a vs b; p > 0.05
b vs c; p > 0.05
a vs c; p > 0.05
BMI (kg/m2) 26.8 ± 3.5 28.1 ± 3.6 28.4 ± 3.8 a vs b; p > 0.05
b vs c; p > 0.05
a vs c; p > 0.05
Gestational age at the sampling time ( week) 33.9 ± 1.6 34.5 ± 1.2 34.1 ± 2.1 a vs b; p > 0.05
b vs c; p > 0.05
a vs c; p > 0.05
Gestational age during the delivery (week) 39.1 ± 1.2 38.8 ± 1.4 35 ± 2.1 a vs b; p < 0.05
b vs c; p < 0.001
a vs c; p < 0.001
Birth Weight (g) 3315 ± 412 2410 ± 298 2190 ± 298 a vs b; p < 0.001
b vs c; p < 0.05
a vs c; p < 0.001
Sistolyic blood pressure (mmHg) 126.2 ± 15.9 152.5 ± 7.1 165.9 ± 9.5 a vs b; p < 0.001
b vs c; p < 0.05
a vs c; p < 0.001
Diastolyic blood pressure (mmHg) 61.6 ± 9.3 90.3 ± 5.5 101.6 ± 7.4 a vs b; p < 0.001
b vs c; p < 0.001
a vs c; p < 0.001
Table 3  — High levels of LCN-2 are associated with Doppler Blood flow abnormality, the presence of HELLP syndrome and IUGR.
Normal Pregnancya
N = 42		 Mild Preeclampsiab
N = 21		 Severe Preeclampsiac
N = 57		 p value
LCN-2 (ng/μL) 129.3 ± 74.8 172.6 ± 82.8 197.9 ± 80 a vs b; p < 0.001
b vs c; p < 0.001
a vs c; p < 0.001
Blood flow anbormality in Doppler (yes/no), n 1 (%14.1) 4 (%14.8) 12 (%23.5) a vs b; p < 0.001
b vs c; p < 0.001
a vs c; p < 0.001
HELLP (yes/no), n 1 (%2.4) 3 (%11.1) 20 (%39.2) a vs b; p < 0.001
b vs c; p < 0.001
a vs c; p < 0.001
IUGR (yes/no), n 4 (%9.5) 7 (%25.9) 13 (%25.5) a vs b; p < 0.001
b vs c; p > 0.05
a vs c; p < 0.001
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